Research & Insights

Research that earns its place
at the strategy table.

ThinkTrip consulting is grounded in original research — peer-reviewed, quantitatively rigorous, and designed with direct application for destination marketers and DMO leaders. Not borrowed frameworks. Not industry white papers. Real studies, real data, real implications.

Q
Quantitative MethodsSPSS, regression analysis, Cronbach alpha reliability
MM
Mixed Methods DesignPre/post survey + qualitative observational research
TPB
Validated FrameworksTheory of Planned Behavior, CAC Model, peer-reviewed instruments
Applied OutcomesEvery study produces actionable strategy, not shelf reports
Published Research

Three studies. One through-line:
destinations deserve better data.

All three studies were conducted or co-led by Bryan Lavin and are designed with direct applicability for destination marketers, DMO leaders, and tourism operators. The methodology is academic. The outcomes are immediately actionable.

Applied Research Spring 2026 Mixed Methods

Destination Perception Study:
Ensenada & Baja California

JWU × CETYS Universidad · TRVL 3035 · N=111 pre-trip / N=11 post-trip

A pre/post perception study examining how Northeast U.S. travelers imagine Ensenada before visiting — and how that perception shifts after direct experience. Grounded in the Cognitive-Affective-Conative (CAC) model and a validated 27-item, 7-category perception index, the study surfaces dramatic shifts in wine awareness, culinary expectations, and cultural perception with direct strategic implications for the destination’s DMO and tourism operators.

Key takeaway: Ensenada’s wine region dramatically outperforms expectations once experienced — but is virtually unknown beforehand. This is a marketing problem, not a product problem.

Key Data Points
64.5
Pre-trip perception index (out of 100)
60.3
Post-trip perception index
+12.7
Wine region surge post-visit
−33.8
Food/culinary expectation gap
Standout Findings

Wine as a purchase factor jumped +43.2 points after direct exposure to Valle de Guadalupe — the single largest item-level shift in the study.

Restaurant variety for dietary needs scored just 25.0 post-trip — lowest item in the study and a critical brand liability for a destination marketing gastronomy.

Geography held strong across both samples (70.5 → 72.2) — confirming the landscape as a durable, reliable asset.

Cruise port dependency identified as the destination’s most significant structural barrier to independent visitor growth.

Doctoral Research 2024 Quantitative

Motivations & Barriers for UGC Creation in Tourism Marketing Campaigns

DBA Dissertation · Johnson & Wales University · N=142+ · SPSS Analysis

This doctoral study fills a critical gap in tourism marketing literature: while the impact of user-generated content (UGC) on travel decisions is well-documented, almost nothing existed on what motivates travelers to actually create and share content with destination brands. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior — extended to include empowerment and technical acumen — the study analyzed U.S.-based traveler responses using stepwise and enter-method regression to identify the key predictors of UGC co-creation.

Key takeaway: Empowerment is the most powerful predictor of UGC co-creation. Destinations that make visitors feel capable, invited, and equipped to share — rather than just asked — generate dramatically more authentic content.

Hypothesis Results
Hyp.VariableResult
H1Positive attitude → willingness to co-create UGCSupported
H2Social norms → willingness to co-create UGCSupported
H3Low perceived barriers → willingness to co-create UGCPartial
H4Technical acumen → willingness to co-create UGCSupported
H5Empowerment → willingness to co-create UGCSupported
What This Means for DMOs

Empowerment drives co-creation more than any other variable. Clear prompts, specific instructions, and making visitors feel capable — not just asked — is the most effective UGC lever.

53% of customers want specific instructions on what to create, but most brands assume motivation is enough. The gap is significant.

Age is a moderating factor, but empowerment predicts UGC co-creation across all age groups — making it the most universally applicable lever.

Collaborative Research In Review Cluster Analysis

Local Ambassadors & Authentic UGC Strategy

International Collaborative Study · N = 1,960 Residents · Quantitative

This collaborative study identifies which residents within a tourism destination are most likely to act as organic micro-influencers — and what motivates them to promote their destination on social media. Using cluster analysis on a large-scale resident dataset, the research profiles three distinct resident types and provides DMOs with a practical framework for identifying, engaging, and sustaining authentic community advocates.

Key takeaway: Approximately 63% of a destination’s residential population has the potential to become a micro-influencer — but only if DMOs know who they are and how to activate them.

Three Resident Profiles
21%
Active Ambassadors — reliably recommend on social media
42%
Homegrown Explorers — engaged locally, not yet posting
37%
Unengaged Locals — low tourism involvement overall
63%
Residents with micro-influencer potential
What This Means for DMOs

Active Ambassadors are your highest-value segment. Already recommending, already proud — DMOs should identify and formalize relationships with this group first.

Homegrown Explorers are the biggest opportunity. Engaged with the destination, positive about tourism, but not yet sharing. The right empowerment strategy unlocks this group.

Resident-generated content outperforms professional campaigns on authenticity and trust — and 63% of your community already has the potential to contribute.

Active Ambassadors skew female and rural — a finding that challenges common assumptions about where authentic destination advocates live and who they are.

Research Methodology

The methods behind the insights.

Quantitative Survey Design

Validated, peer-reviewed instruments adapted from published tourism and consumer behavior literature. All items calibrated to 0–100 perception indexes for consistent comparability across destinations and time periods.

Δ

Pre / Post Comparative Design

The Ensenada study captures the gap between imagined and lived destination experience — the most strategically useful form of perception data available to a DMO.

β

Statistical Analysis

Data analyzed using SPSS with correlation matrices, stepwise regression, and enter-method linear regression. Cronbach alpha reliability testing applied to all composite variables.

Theoretical Grounding

Research anchored in established academic frameworks — the CAC model for destination perception, and the Theory of Planned Behavior (modified to include empowerment and technical acumen) for UGC motivation.

Replicable Design

Both studies are designed to be repeatable. The perception index is portable and adaptable to any destination. The UGC motivation framework can be deployed by any DMO seeking to improve content campaign performance.

Qualitative Integration

Student reflections, peer guide evaluations, and in-destination observations add operational texture that pure quantitative data cannot capture.

Why It Matters

Research is the difference between strategy and opinion.

Most destination consulting is experience-based. That’s not nothing — experience matters. But experience without data produces strategies built on assumptions, and assumptions are expensive when they’re wrong.

ThinkTrip’s research background means every engagement is informed by more than intuition. When we make a recommendation, we can show you why. When we identify a gap in your destination’s brand perception, we can quantify it. When we suggest a UGC strategy, it’s grounded in a study that tested what actually moves travelers to participate.

That’s the difference between advice and analysis — and it’s what separates a ThinkTrip engagement from a consultant who has strong opinions and a lot of air miles.

“Destinations that invest in annual perception tracking gain not just data — but a feedback loop that connects marketing strategy to lived experience in real time.”

What Sets ThinkTrip Apart

Three things you won’t find elsewhere.

Original Research, Not Borrowed Data

ThinkTrip doesn’t cite industry reports and call it research. Both studies were designed, conducted, and analyzed by Bryan Lavin — producing original findings specific to tourism and directly applicable to DMO strategy.

Academic Rigor + Practitioner Lens

The research is peer-reviewed and methodologically sound — and interpreted by someone who has run sales strategies at a CVB, led professional development for 4,000+ tourism professionals, and sat in the rooms where destination decisions get made.

A Replicable Model for Your Destination

The Ensenada perception framework isn’t a one-off. It’s a portable methodology ThinkTrip can deploy for any destination — producing credible, benchmarkable data that justifies funding and builds board confidence.

Research Pipeline

What’s next in the ThinkTrip research agenda.

Resident Sentiment · Applied Research

DMO Stakeholder Alignment Study

An examination of the gap between DMO strategic priorities and stakeholder perception of value — tourism operators, residents, elected officials, and the business community.

Brand Authenticity · Mixed Methods

Destination Brand Authenticity Index

A portable, validated instrument for measuring the gap between a destination’s intended brand identity and how it is actually perceived by visitors, residents, and industry partners.

UGC · Longitudinal

UGC Campaign Performance Tracking

A follow-on study examining real-world outcomes of empowerment-based UGC campaign strategies applied across multiple destination types and market sizes.

Want research like this for your destination?

ThinkTrip can design and execute a custom perception study, stakeholder research program, or UGC strategy audit — using the same rigorous methodology that produced these studies, scaled to your destination’s size and budget.

Start a Conversation
Common Questions

Frequently Asked Questions